The 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act), passed by Congress in 2016, included a provision in Title IV, Section 4004 against “information blocking,” defined in the Act as a practice or practices, “likely to interfere with, prevent, or materially discourage access, exchange, or use of electronic health information.” The Act further required the Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to promulgate rules (the rules) for enforcement on information blocking.
The rules, which have been in effect since April 2021, apply the information blocking provisions of the Cures Act to “actors,” defined to include health care providers like physicians and hospitals, as well as health information exchanges and health information technology (HIT) developers or vendors. They currently require physicians to make the following electronic health information, otherwise known as the United States Core Data for Operability, version 1 (USCDIv1) accessible to patients in the electronic health record with no delay: Consultation notes, discharge summary notes, history and physical, imaging narratives, laboratory report narratives, pathology report narratives, procedure notes, and progress notes.
On October 6, 2022, physicians and other actors will be required to provide patient access to all electronically maintained health records, with the exception of psychotherapy notes and information compiled in anticipation of litigation, to avoid charges of information blocking. The rules further provide that by December 31, 2022, electronic health record systems must have updated technology to allow easier patient access to electronic health information.
Because HIT vendors are also considered actors and must comply with information blocking rules, physicians who are not yet in compliance or preparing for upcoming compliance dates should work with their HIT vendors to develop a compliance plan for this section of the Cures Act. They should also become familiar with exceptions provided in the rules where delays or denials of access are not considered information blocking. Finally, physicians should be on the alert for notice from ONC and HHS on the penalties for health care providers for information blocking. Potential penalties for HIT vendors and health information exchanges found to be participating in information blocking have already been determined by rule to include fines up to $1 million per violation. To date the potential penalties for health care providers found to be information blocking are “disincentives” to be determined by HHS using a formula and criteria not yet developed.
Resources for Physicians on Information Blocking:
https://www.healthit.gov/topic/information-blocking?options=2450b60a-e96a-4f4c-ab17-40aac81e40be